The benefits and drawbacks of US life insurance vary depending on the situation of the person getting coverage and their reasons for doing so. For example, if the foreign national is a permanent US resident, the reasons for and against getting life insurance are essentially the same as for any other US resident. The primary benefit of coverage is that a life insurance payout can help protect a family’s financial well-being by providing several years of income replacement that the deceased could have otherwise provided. Certain types of policies – whole and universal life insurance – can also be used to help build and transfer family wealth, among other things. In such cases, the main “drawback” is the fact that coverage comes at a cost that might not fit every person’s budget.
On the other hand, high-net worth non-residents with family members and assets in the US face an entirely different set of challenges. Many of these international citizens have business interests in multiple countries but see the US as a favorable jurisdiction for family assets due to strong property rights and a historically stable currency. However, there can be significant taxation issues in transferring those assets to the next generation. Permanent cash value life insurance – and especially whole life insurance – can be a powerful tool to help overcome these challenges:
The estate tax disparity
While US residents enjoy a federal estate tax exemption of $13,610,000 (2024), the exemption for non-residents is limited to just $60,000. Non-resident life insurance can help bridge this disparity, because death benefit payments are generally exempt from federal estate taxes. This feature makes life insurance an attractive investment and wealth-transfer vehicle for many foreign nationals with US-based assets.
Covering potential estate taxes
The US government imposes estate taxes on worldwide assets for US citizens and on US-situated assets for non-residents. US-denominated life insurance can provide the liquidity needed to cover potential estate taxes without having to sell all or a portion of these holdings, preserving the estate's value for heirs.
Whole life insurance can also aid portfolio diversification: these policies build cash value at a guaranteed rate and are among the lowest risk financial products available. A policy can build US-denominated assets that can be accessed while the policyholder is still alive, acting as an effective hedge against economic downturns in one's home country, fluctuating exchange rates, and other forms of geopolitical risk. And because life insurance policies are generally protected from creditors and bankruptcy, they can provide an additional layer of protection for foreign nationals' assets.