What is a life insurance annuity?
Buying life insurance can be an important way to help secure your family’s financial future, and if you’re like most people who have (or are thinking of getting) a policy, you’ve probably spent time thinking about how big of a death benefit you need. But the way in which they receive the death benefit can also affect your family's financial security. When a life insurance policyholder passes away, it's common for beneficiaries to receive a lump sum payout. But for some, a life insurance annuity is a better a payout option that can contribute to long-term financial stability.
To make the best decision for your family, it’s important to understand the terminology
A life insurance annuity isn't a life insurance policy or other standalone financial product that you buy. It's also not exactly the same as a life annuity, in which you pay an insurance company to provide an income stream for the rest of your life.1
Instead, a life insurance annuity is a payout option offered by many life insurance companies on their policies. It allows the life insurance beneficiary to use the death benefit they receive to purchase an annuity. In some cases, the funds can be used to purchase a "life annuity" that provides guaranteed income payments for the rest of a person's life; but the payout can also be used to purchase other types of annuities that provide guaranteed income for a more limited period, such as 10 or 20 years.
What is the difference between life insurance annuities and life annuities?
Life insurance annuities and life annuities might sound like synonyms, but there are some distinct differences.
Life annuities
A life annuity is an insurance product generally used for retirement planning, because it can work like a pension to provide a stream of income for the rest of your life, regardless of how long you live.
There are actually several different types of annuities, and they each work differently. With an immediate annuity, you pay a lump sum and have payments start immediately (or within a year). With a deferred annuity, you make either a lump sum or a series of payments in what’s known as the accumulation phase; one or more years later, during the payout phase, you start to receive a stream of income, typically paid in monthly or quarterly installments.
Annuities can also differ in terms of how funds grow in the annuity account. A fixed annuity provides a guaranteed rate of return, while a variable annuity provides returns that fluctuate depending on market conditions. Other types of annuities, such as fixed index and RILA annuities, are designed to let you take advantage of market growth while limiting your investment risk. In any case, funds in an annuity generally grow tax-deferred, so returns are only taxed as you start making withdrawals.
Once you start taking income from an annuity, payments can be set up to last indefinitely – the rest of your life – or for a fixed number of years (in which case it isn’t actually a life annuity; it's a fixed-period annuity). With a life annuity, the insurance company calculates your life expectancy and then divides payments accordingly, and a longer expected payout generally coincides with lower monthly payments. By the same token, a 20-year payout will have lower payments than a 10-year payout.
Life insurance annuities and how they work
Annuities are typically purchased with pre-tax dollars to help fund a person's retirement, and there are usually tax penalties for withdrawals made before age 59 ½. By contrast, a life insurance annuity specifically refers to an annuity funded by the death benefit payout of a life insurance policy – but because life insurance benefits are paid as "after-tax" dollars, withdrawals made before age 59 ½ aren't penalized. As beneficiaries receive their payments, generally speaking they only pay taxes on interest earnings from the annuity.
Otherwise, a life insurance annuity basically works like any other kind of “single premium” annuity (i.e., an annuity purchased with a single lump-sum payment): The death benefit is the lump sum used to purchase the annuity, which effectively spreads payments out over several years. But it’s important to remember that a longer expected payout generally coincides with lower monthly payments.
That's why younger people – i.e., those before retirement age – generally choose to have their annuities paid out over a shorter, fixed time frame. For example, a surviving spouse with teenage children might choose a 10-year payout that provides income until the children have graduated college. If children are younger, they might choose a longer payout period with lower payments. On the other hand, a beneficiary closer to retirement age may well choose to take a lifetime payout, which effectively provides the same benefits as a lifetime pension.
Pros and cons of a life insurance annuity compared to a lump sum payout
Neither type of payout is inherently better or worse than the other. Most people choose a lump sum life insurance payout, presumably because they feel it’s a better fit for their needs. But for others, an annuity payout is the better choice. Here are some things to consider.
It’s not uncommon for a beneficiary to receive a life insurance payout of $1,000,000 or more. That amount can be overwhelming to many people, especially as they’re still grieving the loss of a loved one. They have to make many important decisions about the money: Should it be invested? How should I invest it? What if my investments lose money? How can I get regular payments to replace the paycheck my spouse used to provide?
These types of issues can create anxiety for people not used to managing large sums of money. But the guaranteed income stream from an annuity payout can provide an effective answer to all those questions and help foster the kind of financial well-being most life insurance buyers want for their loved ones.
But there are some disadvantages as well. To start with, an annuity is generally not a liquid investment: If you want to take out funds beyond your regularly scheduled payments – for example, to put a down payment on a house – there are typically penalties and other limitations on what you can withdraw.
Annuity products also have fees that can diminish your earnings, and there may be what's known as an "opportunity cost": If you took the lump sum option from a life insurance death benefit, you could potentially invest that amount and earn more than what an annuity pays out. However, there's also the risk that your investments could decline in value. Annuities – especially a fixed annuity that pays a guaranteed interest rate – can provide more certainty, and even eliminate investment risk.
Comparing life insurance payout options
Annuity payout | Lump sum payout |
|---|---|
Provides an income stream over time, potentially for the rest of your life | Provides the entire death benefit in a single large payment |
Grows on a tax-deferred basis, potentially surpassing the lump sum amount, then earnings can incur taxes during withdrawals/payouts | Is taken tax-free, but if you invest the lump sum amount, you can incur taxes on any gains |
Fees can reduce earnings | Generally there are no fees to receive a payout; however subsequent investments will typically have fees |
Guardian can help
Want to help secure your financial future but aren’t sure how life insurance and annuities fit into your situation? Guardian can connect you with a financial professional who will listen to your needs and recommend different life insurance and/or annuity options to fit your needs and your budget.